Spina Bifida is a complex condition requiring physical, medical and emotional care. We fully recognise the wide range of needs that accompany this condition and work with loved ones to help meet the needs of each individual.
A comprehensive understanding of spina bifida requires insight into the structure and function of the nervous system. Spina bifida is a congenital defect of the spinal column characterised by one or more vertebrae failing to form correctly, resulting in a gap or split that may cause neurological impairment.
The Central Nervous System
Development of the central nervous system and spine occurs between the 14th and 23rd day after conception. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain governs all bodily functions by processing sensory information—touching, seeing, feeling, tasting, and hearing—and directs appropriate motor responses. The spinal cord, housed within the spinal column, transmits messages between the brain and peripheral regions of the body, forming a critical channel for neurological communication that necessitates effective protection.
The Spine
Composed of 33 vertebrae, the spine serves two primary purposes: anchoring muscles to facilitate movement as directed by neural signals, and safeguarding the spinal cord from injury.
The Neural Tube
Between the 14th and 23rd day post-conception, the neural tube and spine develop. Spina bifida arises if the neural tube fails to close properly, leading to incomplete formation of the vertebral rings around the affected segment of the spinal cord. This defect typically manifests near the waist and may involve multiple vertebrae. Spina bifida belongs to a broader category of conditions referred to as “Neural Tube Defects.”
Aetiology
While the precise aetiology remains undetermined, research indicates that folic acid supplementation can reduce the risk of spina bifida in developing foetuses.
For individuals with no family history of spina bifida, the Department of Health advises women to take an over-the-counter dose of 400mcg folic acid daily. For those with a family history, a prescribed dosage of 5mg is recommended. Folic acid intake should begin at least 12 weeks prior to conception and continue through the 12th week of pregnancy. Even though flour products are fortified with folic acid, supplemental tablets are advised. The underlying reasons behind abnormal neural tube development are not fully understood but likely involve both genetic and environmental factors.